Intimate Relationships

This text, written by two social psychologists, tells the story of scientific research on intimate relationships in a comprehensive yet concise manner. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Presented at a level equally suited for beginning and advanced students of the field, Intimate Relationships covers both classic and current material. Chapters range from attraction to love, attachment to jealousy, conflict to relationship dissolution – all written in a warm, personal, and engaging voice. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Each chapter is organized around the major issues and relevant theories, in addition to a critical evaluation about the research. When appropriate, the authors discuss and evaluate popular ideas about relationship processes in the context of scientific research. This includes critical evaluations of evolutionary approaches to attraction, victim-based accounts of abuse, and the separate-cultures view of the sexes. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

If your course requires a writing or research project and you'd like resources to help, please visit www.mysearchlab.com for more information! http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

• Strangers, Friends, and Lovers
• Why Is Life So Complicated?
• The Need for Affiliation
• The Need for Intimacy
• The Need to Belong
• The Inevitability of Social Relationships
• Intimate Relationships Yesterday and Today
• The Way We Were
• The Way We Are Now
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Chapter 2

• Methods to Study Relationships
• The Science of Intimate Relationships: Controversies and Issues
• Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis
• Archival Research
• Systematic Observation
• Interviews and Surveys
• Interpreting Survey Data: Correlations
• Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Research
• Experimentation
• Experimental and Mundane Realism
• INTERPRETING EXPERIMENTAL DATA: DYADIC EFFECTS
• Collecting Couple Data
• Data Collection in Real Time: Recording Ongoing Interactions
• Speed-Dating as a Research Paradigm
• Data Collection in the Internet Age
• Meta-Analysis: The Analysis of Analyses
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Chapter 3

• Physical Attraction
• Physical Attractiveness and Dating Choices
• Standards of Attractiveness: Bodies and Faces
• Mirror, Mirror…
• Evolution and Attractiveness
• The Importance of Averageness and Symmetry
• Cognitive Mechanisms
• The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype: Beauty is as Beauty Does
• The “What Is Beautiful Is Good” Stereotype
• Cute Boys and Girls Are Better People, Too
• Infants Prefer Beautiful Faces
• Socialization
• Is the Attractiveness Stereotype Culturally Universal?
• “Don’t Hate Me Because I’m Beautiful:” Some Ugly Truths about Attractiveness
• Is Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder?
• Context Influences
• Dispositional Influences
• Attractiveness and Dating: A Reprise
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Chapter 4

• Psychological Attraction
• Theory-Driven Approaches
• Implicit Egotism
• The Classical and Operant Conditioning of Liking
• Attraction as Misattribution of Arousal
• Characteristics of Others (Part I): The Gleam of Praise
• Characteristics of Others (Part II): Agreement Is Everything
• Similarity: Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together?
• Complementarity: Do Opposites Attract?
• Phenomenon-Driven Approaches
• Proximity: Marrying the Boy or Girl Next Door
• Playing “Hard to Get”: Do We Love Those We Cannot Have?
• The Allure of Secret Relationships
• What Is So Lethal about Fatal Attractions?
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Chapter 5

• Self-Presentation and Self-disclosure
• Flirtation
• Self-Presentation
• Self-Presentation Norms
• Self-Presentation in the Heat of Interaction
• Detecting Deceit in Self-Presentation
• Models of Self-Disclosure
• Self-Disclosure as Social Penetration
• Self-Disclosure Reciprocity
• Individual Differences in Self-Disclosure
• Gender-related differences
• Self-Monitoring
• Self-Consciousness
• Anxiety, Trust, and Machiavellianism
• Context Influences on Self-Disclosure
• Self-Disclosure in Mature Relationships
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Chapter 6

• Fairness and Equity
• The Nature of Resources Exchanged
• Rewards and Costs
• Variety of Resources Exchanged
• Determining What Is Fair: Equity Theory
• Establishing Whether There Is Equity
• Do People Really Seek Equity?
• Reactions to Inequity
• Evaluating Relationship Outcomes: Comparison Levels
• The Thibaut and Kelley Model
• The Investment Model
• Close Relationships as Communal Relationships
• Giving and Receiving Benefits
• Controversies Surrounding the Communal-Exchange Distinction
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Chapter 7

• Love and Emotion
• Liking and Loving: A Conceptual Distinction
• The Prototype of Love
• Causal Theories of Love
• The Evolution of Love
• Love as Misattribution of Arousal
• Love as Preoccupation with the Other
• Type Theories of Love
• The Colors of Love
• Primary Love Styles
• Secondary Love Styles
• Research on Love Styles
• A Triangular Theory of Love
• Passionate Love and Companionate Love
• Individual Differences in Love
• Gender
• Differences Due to Age and Relationship Duration
• Love over Time: Does It Get Better or Worse?
• Beyond Love: A Quick Look at Guilt
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Chapter 8

• Attachment
• Patterns of Attachment in Infancy
• Causes of Different Attachment Patterns
• Adult Attachment
• From Infant Attachment to Adult Attachment: Models of Transition
• Consequences of Adult Attachment Styles
• Attachment Style and Emotional Control
• Attachment Style and Partner Choice
• Attachment Styles, Relationship Satisfaction, and Stability
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Chapter 9

• Sexuality
• Attitudes about Sex: A Brief History
• A Brief History of Research on Sex
• Alfred Kinsey: What We Do When the Lights Are Out
• Sex in the United States Today
• Sex Around the World
• Sexual Interactions
• Sexual Pathways
• Sexual Communication
• Sex and the Married Couple: How Often Is Enough?
• Extradyadic Sex
• Sexual Orientation
• The Social Construction of Sexual Orientation
• Biological Essentialism
• The Exotic Becomes Erotic: The EBE Theory of Sexual Orientation
• Gay Brothers, but not Lesbian Sisters
• Can a Straight Person Have a Same-sex Love Relationship?
• Homophobia
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Chapter 10

• Communication and Relationship Management
• Sex Differences in Communication
• Interruptions: Let Me Finish, Please!
• Language Use and Conversation Management
• Politeness
• Tag Questions
• Qualifiers and Hedges
• Back-Channeling
• Emotionality and Support
• Men and Women: Different Cultures, Different Planets, Different “Degrees?”
• Different Cultures or Different Skills?
• Managing Relationships
• Transactive Memory in Close Relationships
• Creating and Maintaining Satisfying Relationships
• Idealization
• Attributions
• Expectations
• The Special Case of Long-Distance Relationships
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Chapter 11

• Fidelity and Jealousy
• Fidelity and Jealousy across Time and Cultures
• Fidelity
• A Brief History of Jealousy
• Defining Jealousy
• Envy: I Want What I Cannot Have (or You Can’t Always Get What You Want…)
• Sources of Jealousy: The Jealous Person, the Partner, and the Rival
• The Jealous Person
• The Partner
• The Rival
• Social Cognitive Approaches to Jealousy
• Reactions to Jealousy
• Gender Differences in Perceptions of Threat
• Gender and Reactions to Infidelity: Two Approaches
• Gender and Reactions to Jealousy: “Every breath you take, …I’ll be watching you.”
• Coping with the Green-Eyed Monster
• An Attachment Approach to Jealousy
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Chapter 12

• Relationship Violence and Abuse
• Relationship Violence: Its Definition and Measurement
• Consequences of Relationship Violence
• Causes of Relationship Violence
• Common Beliefs and Realities
• Alcohol and Relationship Violence
• The Macrocontext of Relationship Violence
• The Microcontext of Relationship Violence: Individual Dispositions
• The Need for Power
• Power and Abuse
• INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENES AND INTERACTION VARIABLES
• Sexual Violence
• Sexual Harassment
• Coercive Sex
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Chapter 13

• Conflict
• Conflict between Lovers versus Strangers
• The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Nature of Conflict in Intimate Relationships
• Defining Conflict
• From Order to Disorder: Types of Conflicts
• Sources of Conflict: “I Said . . . , You Said . . .”
• Gender and Conflict: “He Said . . . , She Said . . .”
• Age and Conflict
• Attribution and Conflict: Partner-Level Sources of Conflict
• Reactions to Conflict
• Peterson’s Stage Model: How We “Fight”
• Expression versus Avoidance
• What We Think and How We Feel
• Affect Reciprocity and Attributions
• Attachment Style and Conflict Resolution
• Transforming Relationships—From Conflict to Growth
• The Social Skill of Conflict Resolution
• Conflict in Context
• Balance Theory of Marriage and Conflict
• Transforming Relationships with Forgiveness—“Love means you should say you’re sorry”
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Chapter 14

• Dissolution and Its Aftermath
• Dissolution of Intimate Relationships: The End of Romance
• Causes of Dissolution
• Barrier Models of Dissolution
• Other Models of Dissolution
• Evolutionary Approaches to Dissolution
• Sex Differences in Dissolution
• The Aftermath of Relationship Dissolution
• Emotional Distress
• Loneliness
• Who Are the Lonely Hearts?
• Feelings and Sources of Loneliness
• Unrequited Love
• In the Wake of Divorce
• Divorce and Health
• Structural and Sociological Factors Related to Divorce
• Children of Divorce
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