Voice and Video Conferencing

Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Design, develop, select, deploy, and support advanced IP-based audio and video conferencing systems http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Scott Firestone, Thiya Ramalingam, Steve Fry http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

As audio and video conferencing move rapidly into the mainstream, customers and end users are demanding unprecedented performance, reliability, scalability, and security. In Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals, three leading experts systematically introduce the principles, technologies, and protocols underlying today’s state-of-the-art conferencing systems. Discover how to use these concepts and techniques to deliver unified, presence-enabled services that integrate voice, video, telephony, networks, and the Internet—and enable breakthrough business collaboration. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

The authors begin with a clear, concise overview of current voice and video conferencing, including system components, operational modes, endpoints, features, and user interactivity. Next, they illuminate conferencing architectures, offering practical insights for designing today’s complex IP-based conferencing and collaboration systems. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Topics covered in this book include video codecs, media control, SIP and H.323 protocols and applications, lip synchronization in video conferencing, security, and much more. Throughout the book, the authors draw on their extensive experience as Cisco® technical leaders, showing how to avoid the most common pitfalls that arise in planning, deployment, and administration. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals is for every professional involved with audio or video conferencing: network and system administrators, engineers, technology managers, and Cisco solution partners alike. Whether you’re involved with design, development, selection, implementation, management, or support, you’ll find the in-depth knowledge you need to succeed. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Scott Firestone holds a master’s degree in computer science from MIT and has designed video conferencing and voice products since 1992, resulting in five patents. Thiya Ramalingam is an engineering manager for the Cisco Unified Communications organization. Thiya holds a master’s degree in computer engineering and an MBA degree from San Jose State University. Steve Fry, a technical leader in the Cisco Unified Communication organization, has spent the last several years designing and developing telephony and conferencing products. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

• Thoroughly understand the fundamentals of audio and video conferencing over IP networks
• Architect networks for optimal performance and reliability in conferencing applications
• Leverage new advances in video architecture, from emerging codecs to distributed implementations
• Understand how SIP and H.323 compare, and when to use each
• Optimize synchronization between audio and video
• Secure conferencing traffic without compromising performance or connectivity
• Learn how to evaluate vendors and make better buying decisions
http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Foreword http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Introduction http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 1 Overview of Conferencing Services http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 2 Conferencing System Design and Architecture http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Video Compression http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 4 Media Control and Transport http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 5 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using SIP http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 6 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using H. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 7 Lip Synchronization in Video Conferencing http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Chapter 8 Security Design in Conferencing http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Appendix A Video Codec Standards http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

This book is part of the Cisco Press® Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques. http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Category: Cisco Press/Networking http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Covers: Voice and video conferencing http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

1587052687 http://www.dropshippers.co.za/

Table of Contents

• Foreword xviii
• Introduction xix
• Chapter 1 Overview of Conferencing Services 3
• Conference Types 3
• Ad Hoc Conferences 4
• Reservationless Conferences 5
• Scheduled Conferences 6
• Voice and Video Conferencing Components 9
• Video Conferencing Modes 11
• Voice-Activated Conferences 11
• Continuous Presence Conferences 13
• Lecture Mode and Round-Robin Conferences 15
• Types of Endpoints 16
• Desktop Conferencing Systems 16
• Room Conferencing Systems 16
• Telepresence Systems 16
• Video Controls: Far-End Camera Control 17
• Text Overlay 18
• Summary 18
• Chapter 2 Conferencing System Design and Architecture 21
• Components of a Conferencing System 21
• User Interface 23
• Conference Control 25
• Control Plane 26
• Media Plane 27
• Conferencing Architectures 37
• Centralized Architecture 37
• Distributed Architecture 38
• Full-Mesh Networks 40
• Advanced Conferencing Scenarios 41
• Escalation of Point-to-Point-to-Multipoint Call 41
• Lecture Mode Conferences 41
• Panel Mode Conference 42
• Floor Control 42
• Video Mixing and Switching Scenarios 42
• Summary 43
• References 43
• Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Video Compression 45
• Evaluating Video Quality, Bit Rate, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio 45
• Video Source Formats 47
• Profiles and Levels 47
• Frame Rates, Form Factors, and Layouts 47
• Standard and High Definitions 48
• Color Formats 49
• Basics of Video Coding 52
• Preprocessing 52
• Post-Processing 54
• Encoder Overview 55
• Hybrid Coding 72
• Hybrid Decoder 72
• P-Frames 74
• Hybrid Encoder 74
• Predictor Loop 76
• Motion Estimation 77
• B-Frames 82
• Predictor Loops for Parameters 86
• Error Resiliency 88
• Scalable Layered Codecs 91
• SNR and Spatial Scalability 93
• Temporal Scalability 95
• Switching Frames 99
• Video Codecs 100
• Video Stream Hierarchy 100
• Macroblocks 101
• HD-Capable Codecs 102
• Summary 102
• References 103
• Chapter 4 Media Control and Transport 105
• Overview of RTP 105
• RTP Header 107
• RTP Port Numbers 111
• SSRC Collisions 111
• RTP Header Extensions 112
• Overview of RTCP 113
• RTCP Packet Headers 113
• RTCP Sender Report 114
• RTCP Receiver Report 116
• RTCP Source Description (SDES) 117
• RTCP BYE 119
• RTCP APP 120
• RTP Devices in Conference Systems 120
• RTP Translator 120
• RTP Mixer 123
• Audio Mixer 123
• Video MCU 124
• Video Switcher 124
• Video Stream RTP Formats 126
• H.263 126
• H.264 133
• Detecting Stream Loss 141
• Summary 142
• References 143
• Chapter 5 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using SIP 145
• SIP Overview 145
• User Agent 146
• Proxy Server 146
• Redirect Server 147
• Registrar 147
• SIP Transactions and Dialogs 148
• SIP Messages 149
• SIP Requests 149
• SIP Responses 152
• SIP Record Routing 153
• Event Subscription and Notification 154
• Session Description Protocol 155
• SIP Conferencing Models 157
• Conference URI 157
• Early and Delayed Offer 158
• DTMF Support 159
• Ad Hoc Audio Conferencing 160
• Ad Hoc Video Conferencing 162
• Video SDP Extensions 163
• Bandwidth Information in the SDP 167
• Multiple Stream Support and Grouping of Media Lines 168
• Escalation and De-escalation 169
• Media Control Support 172
• Scheduled Conferences 173
• Entry IVR 174
• In-Conference Features 177
• Roll Call 177
• Hold and Resume 178
• Mute and Unmute 179
• Outdial 179
• RSVP/QoS Support in Conferencing Flows 180
• Summary 182
• References 183
• Chapter 6 Signaling Protocols: Conferencing Using H.323 185
• H.323 Overview 185
• H.323 Endpoint Aliasing 187
• H.225 Call Signaling 188
• H.225 Message Format 188
• Common H.225 Message Types Used in H.323 Signaling 189
• H.245 Control Protocol 191
• H.245 Messages 192
• Video-Specific H.245 Messages 202
• H.323 Fast Connect Mode 204
• Using the Empty Capability Set 207
• Call Hold Signaling with the Empty Capability Set 207
• Call Transfer with the Empty Capability Set 207
• H.323 Device Types 208
• H.323 Gatekeeper Services 209
• Required H.323 Gatekeeper Features 209
• Optional H.323 Gatekeeper Features 210
• Gatekeeper Signaling Options 211
• Gatekeeper RAS Signaling 212
• Mid-Call Bandwidth Requests 214
• Configuring a Gatekeeper in Cisco Unified CallManager 215
• Configuring Gatekeeper Support in a Cisco IOS Router 217
• H.225 Call Setup for Video Devices Using a Gatekeeper 217
• Using Service Prefixes with MCUs 219
• Summary 220
• References 220
• Chapter 7 Lip Synchronization in Video Conferencing 223
• Understanding Lip Sync Skew 223
• Human Perceptions 223
• Measuring Skew 225
• Delay Accumulation 226
• Delays in the Network Path 228
• Lip Sync Approaches 229
• Poor Man’s Lip Sync 230
• Common Reference Lip Sync 232
• Understanding the Sender Side 232
• Sender Audio Path 233
• Video Source Format 235
• Sender Video Path 238
• Understanding the Receive Side 241
• Audio Receiver Path 241
• Receiver Video Path 243
• Types of Playout Devices 244
• RTP 244
• Canonical RTP Model 244
• RTP Time Stamps 246
• Using RTP for Buffer-Level Management 247
• Correlating Timebases Using RTCP 250
• NTP 250
• Forming RTCP Packets 251
• Using RTCP for Media Synchronization 252
• Lip Sync Policy 254
• Summary 255
• References 255
• Chapter 8 Security Design in Conferencing 257
• Security Fundamentals 257
• Threats 258
• Confidentiality Attacks 258
• Denial-of-Service Attacks 259
• Authentication and Identity Attacks 262
• Network Infrastructure Attacks 263
• Endpoint Infrastructure Attacks 266
• Server Attacks 267
• Configuring Basic Security 269
• Port Usage 270
• H.323 Port Usage 270
• SIP Port Usage 275
• SCCP Port Usage 275
• Preset Port Numbers 276
• NAT and PAT 276
• NAT Classifications 277
• NAT Complications for VoIP Protocols 284
• NAT ALGs 285
• NAT/FW Traversal Solutions 285
• Encryption Basics 299
• Symmetric Encryption 299
• Secure Hashes 299
• Asymmetric Encryption: Public Key Cryptography 300
• Nonrepudiation 309
• Key Distribution 309
• IPsec and TLS for Secure Signaling 310
• IPsec 311
• TLS 311
• Media Encryption 312
• security-descriptions 312
• MIKEY 313
• H.323 Encryption: H.235 313
• H.235.1 314
• H.235.2 316
• H.235.3 319
• H.235.6 319
• SIP Encryption 321
• SIP-Digest 321
• SCCP Encryption 324
• Summary 324
• References 325
• Appendix A Video Codec Standards 327
• 021907TOC1587052687
http://www.dropshippers.co.za/