Psychology of Sex and Gender
- A balanced analysis of the psychology of sex and gender sets the stage for further analysis of the roles of sex and gender in human development.
- Helpful pedagogy includes detailed chapter outlines; resource sections with ideas for readings, films, websites and discussion materials; student assignments such as journaling; biographies; vocabulary.
- Integrates student responses from journaling assignments, excerpts from student papers, and personal perspectives to engage student interest.
- Integrates diversity in a broad sense, by taking a global approach that looks at culture, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic as well as religious and geographical diversity.
- Author
- Barbara Smith
- Publishing Date
- May 2006
- Binding
- Paperback
- Pages
- 608 Pages
Psychology of Sex and Gender, The
Psychology: Psychology of Sex and Gender, The Distribution Details
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Dedication
I. AN INTRODUCTION TO SEX AND GENDER
1. Why a Psychology of Sex and Gender?
Why a Psychology of Sex and Gender?
The Terminology of Sex and Gender
Introduction to the Psychology of Sex and Gender
Development of Women
=
s Studies and Men
=
s Studies
- Women's Studies from a Psychological Perspective
- Men's Studies from a Psychological Perspective
- Personal Perspectives: Societal Expectations, the Family, and
the Individual
- Why Sex and Gender Studies?
- Goals of Gender Studies
- Academic goals
- Social goals
- Personal goals
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Chapter Summary
Resources
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Films
- Other Resources
- Research Project: Societal Expectations, the Family, and the
Individual
- Journaling
- Self-Evaluation Sample Form
- Discussion Questions
- A Common Vocabulary
- Notes and Comments
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2. Methodological Considerations When Studying Sex and
Gender
The Scientific Analysis of Sex and Gender
The Scientific Method
Approaches Commonly Used to Study of Sex and Gender
- Experimental Approach
- Naturalistic Observation
- Case Study Approach
- Survey and Interview Approach
- Meta-analysis Approach
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Considerations When Selecting A Research Design
Sex and Gender as Subject and Response Variables
Issues Related to a Global Research Approach
- Issues Related to Social Analyses
- Sex, Gender, and Culture: Issues with Generalizability
- Personal Perspectives: A Lack of Multiculturalism in
Education
- Advantages of Incorporating a Global Perspective into our
Research Programs
- Avoiding Problems of Bias in Research: Diversity as a
Continuing Issue
- How Does Generalizability Relate to the Text?
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Chapter Summary
Resources
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
3. Stereotypes, Mythology, Media Messages
Stereotyping As a Cognitive Strategy
Are Men and Women Fundamentally Different From Each Other?
An Historical Overview of Stereotypes: Major Mythological
Themes
- Male as Powerful
- Male as Normative
- Female as Evil
- Female as Giver of Life
- Female as Sexual Being
- Investigatory Project: Underlying Themes of Gender
Stereotypes
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How the Study of Myths Relates to Gender Studies
Modern-Day Myths as Reflected by the Media
- Representations of Boys and Men
- Representations of Girls and Women
- A Market-Based Explanation for Gender Stereotyping in the
Media
- Potential for the Internalization of Dominant Beliefs
- Personal Perspectives: Do Stereotypes Influence Behavior?
- Why Does Stereotyping in the Media Continue To Be So
Pervasive?
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Chapter Summary
Resources
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Films
- Other Resources
- Investigatory Project: Self-fulfilling Prophecies
- Discussion Questions
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A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
II. THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF A GENDER
IDENTITY
4. Theoretial Explanations for Gender Identity: Biological
through Neo-Freudian Perpsectives
What is a Theory?
The Biological Perspective
- The Processes of Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation
- Sex-Linked Traits and Disorders
- Evidence for the Contribution of Genetic Material to Sex
Determination and Sex Differentiation
- Evidence for Hormonal Mediation of Sex Differentiation
- The Role of Hormones on Cognitive Tasks
- Research Report: Sex Differentiation of Cognitive
Abilities
- Evidence from Animal Models of the Biological Basis for
Aggressive Behavior
- A Sociobiological Perspective
- A Critical Analysis of Biological Theory
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Freudian Psychoanalytic Perspective
- A Profile: Sigmund Freud
- Freud's Concept of the Psyche
- Freud and the Male Oedipal Complex
- Freud and the Female as a Castrated Male
- The Social Identification Process and Development of the
Superego
- Fixation at the Phallic Stage of Psychosexual Development
- A Critical Analysis of Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory
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NeoFreudian Contributions to the Psychoanalytic
Perspective
- A Psychology of Women: Helene Deutsch
- Psychosocial Theory: Erik Erikson
- Object Relations Theory: Margaret Mahler and Nancy
Chodorow
- Commonalities of Psychoanalytic and Object Relations
Theories
- A Critical Analysis of NeoFreudian Psychoanalytic Theory and
Object Relations Theory
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Chapter Summary
Resources for
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comment
5. Theoretical Explanations for Gender Identity: Cognitive
through Environmental Perspectives
Cognitive Perspectives
- Cognitive Developmental Theory: Lawrence Kohlberg
- Cognitive development: Jean Piaget
- Piaget's stages
- Assumptions of Cognitive Developmentalists
- Gender Schema Theory: Sandra Bem
- A Critical Analysis of Kohlberg’s Developmental Theory and
Bem’s Gender Schema Theory
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Moral Reasoning: Are There Developmental Patterns Related to
Gender?
- Investigatory Report: Moral Reasoning
- Gender Differences in the Development of Moral Reasoning
According to Lawrence Kohlberg
- Biographical Sketch: Lawrence Kohlberg
- Socialization and Moral Reasoning According to Carol
Gilligan
- Biographical Sketch: Carol Gilligan
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Environmental Perspectives
- Operant Conditioning Theory: B. F. Skinner
- Social Learning Theory: John Dollard, Neal Miller, Walter
Mischel, and Albert Bandura
- Research Report: Gender Differences in Modeling
- Broader Social Influences
- Investigatory Project: Social Influences and Symbolism
- A Critical Analysis of Learning Theories
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Theory and the Acquisition of Gender Identity
and Sex Typing
Chapter Summary
Resources
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
III. A DEVELOPMENTAL OVERVIEW OF SEX AND GENDER
6. A Developmental Overview: Prenatal Development through
Childhood
An Overview of Development
Prenatal Development
Child Development in the Physical Domain
Child Development in the Cognitive Domain
- Sensation and Perception
- Tactile sensitivity
- Taste
- Olfaction
- Vision
- Audition
- Early Social Perceptions
- Language Development
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Child Development in the Socioemotional Domain
- Social Attachments
- Biographical Sketch: Mary D. Salter Ainsworth
- Modern Family Structure
- Sex, Gender, and Play
- Experiment 1: Peer Preference
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Chapter Summary
Resources
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Films
- Other Resources
- Classroom Activity
- Doll and Parrots: Nurturing as a "Girl Thing"
- Mom, where=s the coffee and bread?
- Discussion Questions
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A Common Vocabulary
Notes and comments
7. Topics in Childhood
Attachment
- Developmental Outcomes Related to the Nature of Attachment
Style
- Student Assignment Excerpt: Bullies and Victims
- Self-esteem and Identity Development
- The Nature and Causes of Child Abuse
- Investigatory Project: Child Abuse Worldwide and
Intervention
- The Consequences of Child Abuse
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Play
- Play, Gender, and Social Relationships
- Investigative Project: Learning From Schoolchildren
- Experiment 1: Gender Labels and Play Styles
- A Biological Perspective of Play
- Experiment 2: Play and Peer Sex Discrimination (Bower,
1989)
- Psychoanalytic and Object Relations Perspectives of Play
- A Cognitive Developmental Explanation for Play
- Gender Schema Theory and Play
- Social Learning Theory, Operant Theory and Play
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Early Education
- Educational Opportunities from a Systems Perspective
- Developmental Disabilities
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) and
Schooling
- Personal Perspectives: ADHD and Development
- Creativity and Gender
- Creative Writing
- Childrens’ Artwork
- Investigatory Project: Art and Gender
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Chapter Summary
Resources
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
8. A Developmental Overview: Adolescence and Young
Adulthood
History of Adolescent Psychology
Adolescent Physical Development
- Development of Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics
- Female Maturation
- Psychological experience of adolescent girls
- Male Maturation
- Psychological experience of adolescent boys
- Individual Differences in Physical Development
- Personal Perspectives: Rate of Maturation
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Adolescent Cognitive Development
- A Piagetian View of Adolescent Cognitive Development
- Education
- School adjustment
- Academic attitudes and choices
- Journal Excerpt: A Young Woman’s Experience with Math
- Academic performance and self-esteem
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Adolescent Socioemotional Development
- Family Relationships
- Peer Relationships
- School as a social setting: An intervention
- Investigatory Project: The Influence of Educational Settings on
Gender Stereotypes
- Development of intimate relationships
- Identity and sexual orientation
- Personal Perspective: Coming Out
- Personal Perspective: Bisexual Orientation
- Personal Perspectives: Negative Outcomes Related to Sexual
Orientation
- Function of Dating
- Personal Perspectives: Cross-Cultural Issues and Dating
- Personal Perspective: Homosexual Teens and Dating
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Chapter Summary
Resources
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
9. Topics in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Adolescents, Young Adults, and Sexuality
- Personal Perspective: Sexual Activity and Education
- Developing Sexual Attitudes
- Gender and Sexual Attitudes
- Religion, Sexual Attitudes, and Behavior
- Sexual Behavior: Autoerotic Activities
- Personal Perspectives: Autoerotic Activities
- Sexual Behavior: Intercourse
- Cultural Diversity and Sexual Behavior
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Potential Consequences of Early Sexual Activity
Sex Education
Physical and Psychological Health
- Externalization of Conflict: Juvenile Delinquency
- Conflict, aggression, and gender
- Student Paper Excerpt: Bullying
- Investigatory Project: Troubled Teens
- Relational conflict
- Internalization of Conflict: Suicide and Eating Disorders
- Suicide
- Investigatory Report: Suicide and Young Adolescents
- Eating disorders and body image
- Personal Perspectives: Eating Disorders, Self-image, and Body
Image
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Chapter Summary
Resources
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Films
- Other Resources
- Research Project: A Social Function for Religion
- Discussion Questions
- Investigatory Project: Eating Disorders
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A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
10. A Developmental Overview: Adulthood
Adult Development in the Physical Domain
The Sexual-Reproductive System
- Hormonal Cycling in Females
- Cognitive correlates of the menstrual cycle
- Premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Definitional issues
- Methodological issues
- Interventions
- Hormonal Fluctuations in Males
- Middle Age and Reproductive Changes
- Menopause
- Is there male menopause?
- Aging and the prostate gland
- Breast and ovarian cancer
- Sexuality and the Later Adult Years
- Sexual activity and the elderly
- Sexual orientation
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Adult Development in the Cognitive Domain
- Adult Sensation and Perception
- Olfaction
- Taste
- Audition
- Vision
- Touch
- Visuospatial and Verbal Abilities
- Spatial skills and visuospatial abilities
- Verbal abilities
- Lateralization of Cognitive Function
- Patterns of Cognitive Change
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Adult Development in the Social Domain
- Homosexuality
- Falling in Love
- What do Adults Look For in a Relationship?
- Characteristics of Single Adults
- Characteristics of Divorced and Widowed Singles
- Characteristics of Cohabiting and Married Couples
- Decision-Making and Influence Strategies in Relationships
- Reactions to Relationship Dissolution
- Personal Perspective: The End of a Marriage
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Chapter Summary
Resources for Students and Instructors
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
11. Current Topics in Adulthood
Health
- Reproductive Complications
- Infertility
- Sexual dysfunction
- Sexually transmitted diseases and the elderly
- Psychiatric Problems
- Borderline and narcissistic personality disorders
- Depression
- Excerpt from student paper: Suicide and the Elderly
- Anorexia nervosa and the elderly
- Healthcare Policy and Gender
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Communication
Relationships
- Intimate Relationships
- Personal factors
- Relational factors
- Cultural factors
- An eclectic explanation
- Personal Perspectives: Gender Role Specialization
- Parenting: Stability or Change in Gender Roles?
- Biological basis for parenting
- An object relations perspective
- Point and counterpoint
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Occupation
Chapter Summary
Resources
A Common Vocabulary
Notes and Comments
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index
..Fine reveals the mind's remarkable plasticity, shows the substantial influence of culture on..
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